Vulkan resolve attachment

Vulkan resolve attachment. To efficiently use GMEM, proper subpass use is crucial in Tile-based rendering architectures such as the Adreno GPU. 7. Or can/should it stay in VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL forever? And the resolve attachment flip-flops between VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL and VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL as the original target did? Regards. Apr 12, 2016 · Does Vulkan support Depth and/or DepthStencil MSAA resolve operations? ( For e. Given that the framebuffer is bound during rendering, which should allow identification of the image view to be used for the input attachment, the same way it does for depth and color attachments. Jul 26, 2021 · When the target is bound again as render target a manual transition from VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL to VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL is done and so on. There might be some conditional rendering going on, that formally requires two color attachments, but writes to only one. Currently, there are 6 maintenance extensions. A collection of attachments, for example, depth, and color. Share. 1 as core. All the details for each are well defined in the extension appendix page. Apr 13, 2024 · If optimal is VK_FALSE for a VkFormat, using a subpass resolve operation on a multisampled attachment with this format can incur additional costs, including additional memory bandwidth usage and a higher memory footprint. pNext is NULL or a pointer to a structure extending this structure. flags is a bitmask of VkImageCreateFlagBits, matching the value of VkImageCreateInfo::flags used to create an image that will be used with this framebuffer. That is done in a separate cmdbuff. sample0, min, max ? ) The only info I could found in the spec (Vulkan 1. That algorithm requires each fragment to fetch from neighboring samples in order to determine the amount of occlusion to apply. The WebGPU spec currently requires that the texture view formats for a color attachment and its resolve attachment are the same. In Vulkan, a render pass is described by an (opaque) VkRenderPass object. Therefore if VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve is not supported or properly configured, this pipeline will require an additional read-back of the multisampled depth attachment to carry out the post-processing effect: Implements multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) using a renderpass with multisampled attachments and resolve attachments that get resolved into the visible frame buffer. It is possible in Vulkan using the VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve extension (promoted to Vulkan core in 1. And so on similarly for the other loadOps and storeOps. High dynamic range Implements a high dynamic range rendering pipeline using 16/32 bit floating point precision for all internal formats, textures and calculations, including a a multisampled depth image with samples=N, which is rendered in the both subpasses; a multisampled image with samples=N, which is used as color attachment in the first subpass and input attachment in the second subpass. Step 5 is ending dynamic rendering on the framebuffer, and it only transitions the color attachment to VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL so it can be sampled from in the fullscreen quad shader. The attachment is not used or preserved in subpass S. This structure defines the single-sampled attachment that will be used to resolve depth: The render pass now has to be instructed to resolve multisampled color image into regular attachment. Dec 6, 2020 · From my understanding, this should prevent the Vulkan from doing a resolve operation on pColorAttachments[0]. Also, the way they are used (shaders) is known in Vulkan as a Renderpass: Renderpasses consist of one or more Subpasses. While that’s perfectly acceptable for many uses, it lack one in particular: screen-space ambient occlusion. Then on, there is no reason to change the layout with finalLayout if the image is never used for anything else. High dynamic range Implements a high dynamic range rendering pipeline using 16/32 bit floating point precision for all internal formats, textures and calculations, including a If the same render pass attachment is used multiple ways within a subpass, corresponding last_subpass bits will be set in all of them. Extensions might change something, so it matters. 0. For multisampled rendering, we need to change how we set up our render pass. This is usually done using pipeline barriers or the initialLayout and finalLayout We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In Vulkan, the GS SV_RenderTargetArrayIndex is called Layer in SPIR-V or gl_Layer in GLSL. If any attachment’s aspectMask to be cleared is not backed by an image view, the clear has To play the devil's advocate, there might be sneaky ways the color attachment is read. Input attachments are image views that can be used for pixel local load operations inside a fragment shader. 74 - A Specification (with KHR extensions) Jun 30, 2019 · This bit can be set for any image that can be used to create a VkImageView suitable for use as a color, resolve, depth/stencil, or input attachment. This stage includes blending , logic operations, render pass load and store operations for color attachments, render pass multisample resolve operations, and vkCmdClearAttachments. Feb 10, 2021 · And the only usage that Vulkan requires that all implementations provide is VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT. See the pResolveAttachments member of the subpass description. VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL is appropriate for color attachment (as well as resolve reads). Award. For MS you need separate attachments you're going to resolve into. pResolveAttachments = &colorRef; subpassDesc. pPreserveAttachments = nullptr; This results in the following validation error: subpass 0 uses attachment 0 as both resolve and color attachment. vkQueueSubmit got trimmed apparently, but you seem to set May 10, 2024 · If flags does not include VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT, each element of pAttachments that is used as a color attachment or resolve attachment by renderPass must have been created with a usage value including VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT. Problem with prose is it shows your intentions. Apr 26, 2021 · Initialize an empty color attachment and depth buffer. The Vulkan spec states: Each element of pPreserveAttachments must not also be an element of any other member of the subpass description. t. So whatever is in the source color attachment will be resolved, regardless of how the pixel was rendered. If N equals to VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, everything works fine. I have added a new example to my open source C++ Vulkan examples that demonstrates the use of input attachments and subpasses within a single render pass. struct vk_subpass_attachment * resolve ¶ Resolve attachment, if any. It behaves the same as in D3D. Setup the shader and graphics pipeline. Namely, you can only read from the sample that corresponds to your current fragment shader location. Pixel Local Storage like functionality of supporting format reinterpretation is only supported for color attachments, and hence must be disallowed for depth and stencil. Dynamic Rendering. If any color or depth/stencil attachments are VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, then no writes occur for those attachments. * Depth and stencil attachments and pipeline states are wired up. Second render pass contains one subpass with the following attributes: Color attachment: Input attachment taken from Apr 4, 2024 · All groups and messages Jul 8, 2016 · The "multisampling" sample sets up a resolve attachment for the depth buffer. I use pResolveAttachment to implement MSAA with Vulkan on Android, but the result is flipped. During the creation of a render-pass, you can specify various color attachments and a depth-stencil attachment. I don't get any validation messages here, and I can see the final image on-screen Sep 26, 2022 · The general rubric was to keep the code and concepts as similar to the Metal backend as possible. Color attachment: Final color. It makes sense in terms of render pass: transfer happens-before attachment load-op, which happens-before blend access. The resolve target has one sample while the original offscreen target gets 4 samples. It almost never shows bugs (unless it was your intention to make some). Essentially, all attachments need to be used in a subpass or its contents will be undefined, so preserve attachments are for those who don't participate in the subpass itself, but will be needed in a later subpass. Do you know a good vulkan command tracer for Linux? I tried Nsight but it Dec 6, 2016 · 2. display the results side-by-side for comparison. Feb 8, 2023 · In order to do so, I created 2 render passes, which I configured in the following fashion: First render pass contains one subpass with the following attributes: Depth attachment: For depth values. Jan 16, 2020 · 0. This does not apply here. So the initialLayout should be VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED. Jul 26, 2021 · Thank you. Tile images are defined to map to the color attachment specified via the Location decoration - some equivalent needs to be defined for depth and stencil. To configure the subpass, we must use a VkSubpassDescription2 and make pNext to point to a VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve structure. Sry, should've stated that I was referring to the resolve attachments (not the ones created from your SC). Also it mentions how the loadOp, storeOp, and resolve ops that occur in a subpass are included in the synchronisation scopes of subpass dependencies ( Here - The 2nd and 3rd paragraph after May 21, 2021 · If you have two framebuffer attached images, and you want to blend between them, what you need to do is render a full-screen quad in such a way that you're reading from one attachment in the FS and writing (with blending) to the other. VkSubpassDescription subpassDesc; subpassDesc. The following fragment operations adhere to rasterization order, and are typically performed in this order: Discard rectangles test. To resolve depth on write-back, VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve (promoted in Vulkan 1. 2 is pretty much non-existent on Android and VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve extension is not as widely available as we had hoped, we decided to use a separate resolve subpass. Therefore we will have to add only one new attachment for color which is a so-called resolve attachment: In contrast to color, Vulkan does not offer an alternative way to resolve depth attachments (vkCmdResolveImage does not support depth). Apr 4, 2022 · edited. This basically means that framebuffer attachments written in one We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The render pass is used with a compatible VkFrameBuffer object, which represents the set of images that will be used as attachments during execution of the render pass. flags = 0; subpassDesc. That is, the full subpass chain can be executed for each tile, thus avoiding the need to resolve subpasses to system Fragment Operations. We first need to resolve them to a regular image. In Vulkan there's no "true" 3D framebuffer May 10, 2024 · VkAccessFlagBits - Bitmask specifying memory access types that will participate in a memory dependency. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. We can't render anything in Vulkan without a render pass. May 10, 2024 · If imageView is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, imageLayout must not be VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR. samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT; VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment_Resolve{}; The resolve attachment is a convenient (and potentially more performant) variant on vkCmdResolveImage. This requirement does not apply to the depth buffer, since it won't be presented at any point. In Vulkan, when defining a Renderpass and its attachments, we need to specify load and store operations that is, what to do with the attachment before and after Jul 21, 2022 · With careful usage of resolve attachments, multisampled image memory allocated with VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, loadOp not equal to VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD, and storeOp not equal to VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE, a Vulkan application is able to efficiently perform multisampled rendering without incurring any additional memory We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Upload the chunk of vertices from the CPU to the GPU. Note. May 18, 2021 · Describe the Issue When using the same attachment as resolve attachment and input attachment in the same subpass I’m getting the following validation error: vkCreateRenderPass2(): subpass 0 uses at Jul 27, 2021 · Avoid prose. The first element has a pending, approved VU change s. Rendering commands are recorded into a particular subpass of a render pass instance. Do I see right that you leave the color and resolve attachment in VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL for output? That means you make the transition manually later on if you use them as input, right? I assume my synchronization is right as it worked when I only had the color attachment with one sample. VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED before other validation usage checks are applied. That is, if you want to do anything with a swap chain image other than operations with it as a color attachment of a render pass instance, or presenting it to the display device, you must first check this bitmask to see if the Jul 16, 2018 · android + vulkan vulkan API层面不支持MSAA depth resolve. I do not understand why Vulkan also requires mentioning May 10, 2024 · sType is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure. Vulkan requires the application to manage image layouts, so that all render pass attachments are in the correct layout when the render pass begins. The list of updates, all to the Vulkan Impeller backend: * MSAA is wired up. 0 release. Feb 22, 2022 · Since Vulkan 1. On Mali, we can obtain 4xMSAA practically "free" (typically 1-2 % speed hit) by making use of resolve attachments in Vulkan. Setting up the VkRenderpass. Render into the color and depth buffers (on "top" of the previous values in the color and depth attachments) Repeat next chunk. `. ". 2. Graphics Pipeline. Vulkan render-passes use attachments to describe input and output render targets. In this tutorial we will finally draw something on the screen. Feb 9, 2019 · the warning for the RESOLVE attachment is copied from the color attachment and states "Layout for color attachment" when it should say "Layout for resolve attachment". 74 - A Specification (with KHR extensions) “A subpass represents a phase of rendering that reads and writes a subset of the attachments in a render pass. attachment is either an integer value identifying an attachment at the corresponding index in VkRenderPassCreateInfo2::pAttachments, or VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED to signify that this attachment is not used. Funny how it does say right after the part I pasted: "This stage also includes subpass load and store operations and multisample resolve operations for framebuffer attachments with a color or depth/stencil format. Mar 24, 2024 · All groups and messages Apr 6, 2016 · Tutorial 3: First Triangle – Graphics Pipeline and Drawing. VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-02633 The maintenance extensions add a collection of minor features that were intentionally left out or overlooked from the original Vulkan 1. Derivative Group A set of fragment shader invocations that cooperate to compute derivatives, including implicit derivatives for sampled image operations. The source for this sample can be found in the Khronos Vulkan samples github repository . This is required by at least the Vulkan specification. vkCmdResolveImage：只能resolve color attachment; vkCmdBlitImage：不支持multisample(srcImage和dstImage的samples值必须为VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) vkCmdCopyImage：Copy depth/stencil attachment时不支持multisample Oct 15, 2019 · 1. As an additional special case, if two render passes have a single subpass, the resolve attachment reference and depth/stencil resolve mode compatibility requirements are ignored. High dynamic range Implements a high dynamic range rendering pipeline using 16/32 bit floating point precision for all internal formats, textures and calculations, including a Jul 7, 2019 · A subpass itself can have different kinds of attachments - colour, depth testing and multi sampling (syntactically this is called the resolve attachment as it resolves the final state of the output image and may not necessarily be due to multi sampling). That's because multisampled images cannot be presented directly. 1. Jul 19, 2018 · Introduction. " "If colorAttachmentCount is not 0, and pResolveAttachments is not NULL, pResolveAttachments must May 19, 2016 · Input attachments have a very strict limitation. Loop over chunks of vertices from my huge model. * Vulkan Example - Multisampling using resolve attachments (MSAA) * This sample shows how to do multisampled anti aliasing using built-in hardware via resolve attachments * These are special attachments that a multi-sampled is resolved to using a fixed sample pattern May 10, 2024 · VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT specifies the stage of the pipeline where final color values are output from the pipeline. g. Bits which can be set in the srcAccessMask and dstAccessMask members of VkSubpassDependency , VkSubpassDependency2 , VkMemoryBarrier, VkBufferMemoryBarrier, and VkImageMemoryBarrier, specifying access behavior, are: . You could use Gist or something to make an untrimmed dump. The main purpose of preserve attachments are for when you have 3 or more subpasses. Vulkan® 1. While stencil is closely related depth, this chapter does not aim to cover it outside the realm of API names. 2) in the 1. If a given fragment is always discarded in the render pass, then the fragment’s color will come from what was loaded/cleared in the The Render Pass Compability (Section 8. The graphics pipeline and drawing in general require lots of preparations in Vulkan (in the form of filling many structures with even Jun 29, 2016 · /attachment/ is the index of the attachment of the render pass, and corresponds to the index of the corresponding element in the pAttachments array of the VkRenderPassCreateInfo structure. * Got rid of Vulkan specific hacks in the inline pass context that were preventing clips from working. You create one view per 3D target, and attach that to the framebuffer. Jul 26, 2021 · The multisample offscreen target is very likely used transiently. 2) is required. VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06144 If imageView is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and resolveMode is not VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE, resolveImageLayout must not be VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR Jul 31, 2016 · The next part is only relevant if it is impossible to specify VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR for an attachment used as color attachment first and in a later subpass as input attachment (i see no reason why this would be impossible, unless vulkan does the load operation each subpass). The first 3 were bundled in Vulkan 1. But if N equals to VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT, I have a lot of errors: VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD: Preserve the existing contents of the attachment; VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR: Clear the values to a constant at the start; VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE: Existing contents are undefined; we don't care about them; In our case we're going to use the clear operation to clear the framebuffer to black before drawing a Vulkan® 1. Rather than using render pass objects, this extension allows the developer to directly reference rendering attachments prior to the start of rendering. This provides a template that is used when beginning a render pass inside a command buffer. However, the spec says: "If pResolveAttachments is not NULL, each of its elements corresponds to a color attachment (the element in pColorAttachments at the same index). all attachment references should be check vs. This is an example of a WAW (Write-After-Write) hazard, which always require a memory dependency. This sample shows how loading and storing attachments might affect performance on mobile. This is explained in this article: Finally, Vulkan includes the concept of transient attachments. Some basic knowledge of 3D graphics is needed to get the most out of this chapter. struct vk_subpass_dependency ¶ VkDependencyFlags flags ¶ VkSubpassDependency2 Layout transitions. Jul 27, 2021 · I assume that the target becomes an input to the resolve step and that the layout has to fit that. Draw two quads next to each other to a swapchain image, other quad textured with one of the fragment shader result, and the other quad with the other fragment shader result. Anyway, what I actually see from this: Resolved Image get’s initial transition to LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT. pInputAttachments = nullptr; Feb 25, 2022 · This is how I found out that there is no problem in depth msaa image) Therefore here should be depth resolving problem , where i am making mistake : VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment_MSAA{}; colorAttachment_MSAA. Implements multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) using a renderpass with multisampled attachments and resolve attachments that get resolved into the visible frame buffer. To complement this, you could also additionally use This chapter is aimed to give an overview of the various "depth" terminology used in Vulkan. May 21, 2017 · The attachment is used as a color, depth/stencil, or resolve attachment in any subpass in the render pass. Two render passes are compatible if their corresponding color, input, resolve, and depth/stencil attachment references are compatible and if they are otherwise identical except for: Vulkan exposes a fast path which takes full advantage of tiled architectures. Per Spec: if pResolveAttachments is not NULL, each of its elements corresponds to a color attachment (the element in pColorAttachments at the same index), and a multisample resolve operation is defined for each attachment. Jun 18, 2018 · For attachments with a color format, this uses the access type VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT. Apr 26, 2017 · In the shader input_attachment_index identifies which input attachment the shader is using. inputAttachmentCount = 0; subpassDesc. If flags does not include VK_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_SHADER_RESOLVE_BIT_QCOM, and if pResolveAttachments is not NULL, each of its elements corresponds to a color attachment (the element in pColorAttachments at the same index), and a multisample resolve operation is defined for each attachment unless the resolve attachment index is VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED. For example, you might have a deferred renderer May 10, 2024 · With careful usage of resolve attachments, multisampled image memory allocated with VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, loadOp not equal to VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD and storeOp not equal to VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE, a Vulkan application is able to efficiently perform multisampled rendering without incurring any additional memory penalty on some implementations. Sep 24, 2017 · 43. ”. 0 Render Pass. The Layer output from the GS will say which layer (of all the targets) the output primitive is drawn to. . For the non-multiview case, only the first bit is used. Even if the render-pass does not read the output of the previous pass (in fact, in this example the previously image contents are explicitly not preserved by nature of transitioning from UNDEFINED) we still need a memory dependency to ensure writes to the image are not re-ordered. Reply. May 10, 2024 · vkCmdClearAttachments is not affected by the bound pipeline state. Nov 4, 2020 · Thank you. The usage of the images in the framebuffer is defined by the renderpass. 9 + WSI) says: Page 117: “Any given element of pResolveAttachments must have the same VkFormat as its corresponding color attachment” Page 367: vkCmdResolveImage “srcSubresource and dstSubresource are VkImageSubresourceLayers May 10, 2024 · This must be consistent between external format resolves and load operations from external format resolve attachments to This page is extracted from the Vulkan This document details API design ideas for the VK_EXT_attachment_feedback_loop_layout extension, which provides functionality to both render to and sample/fetch from the same subresource of an image in a given render pass. 2) to resolve multisampled depth/stencil attachments in a subpass in a similar manner as for color attachments. 193 specification states the following:. pResolveAttachments for multisampling. May 10, 2024 · sType is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure. These are framebuffer attachments that begin in an uninitialized or cleared state at the This extension changes how rendering resources are managed. Vulkan 1. Jan 26, 2022 · I assume that the target becomes an input to the resolve step and that the layout has to fit that. The approach worked well on Adreno devices and on PC, but on devices with Mali GPUs it just doesn't work: after the pass ends, the resolved depth target With careful usage of resolve attachments, multisampled image memory allocated with VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, loadOp not equal to VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD, and storeOp not equal to VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE, a Vulkan application is able to efficiently perform multisampled rendering without incurring any additional memory penalty on tiling GPUs in most cases. Now I add a color resolve target subpass. pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS; subpassDesc. A properly structured renderpass allows Vulkan to instruct the GPU to execute all subpasses on a per-tile basis. You would have to read from one of the attachments as an input attachment, so you need to put this rendering We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Multisample resolve has an interesting interaction with view format reinterpretation in that you may resolve from a color attachment into a resolve Jan 26, 2024 · Step 3 and 4 have been tested before and should work fine. Sep 4, 2023 · • Initial and final image layout in attachment descriptions • Load and store operations in attachment descriptions • Image layout in attachment references. To understand attachments in Vulkan, You first need to understand render-passes and sub-passes. If you Apr 4, 2024 · All groups and messages May 10, 2024 · A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of a multisample resolve operation from the corresponding depth/stencil attachment at the end of the subpass. So this is kind of a separate problem. It is generally preferable to clear attachments by using the VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR load operation at the start of rendering, as it is more efficient on some implementations. That means you need to double check the subpass descriptions you pass to the renderpass creation May 27, 2019 · subpassDesc. Below is a comparison of the common Vulkan render pass construction and dynamic rendering. pResolveAttachments require the color attachment and read it. There is a subpass S[sub]1[/sub] that uses or preserves the attachment, and a subpass dependency from S[sub]1[/sub] to S. Create a new attachment reference that will point to the color buffer which will serve as the resolve target: May 10, 2024 · To resolve a multisample color image to a non-multisample color image, call: // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0 void vkCmdResolveImage ( VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkImage srcImage, VkImageLayout srcImageLayout, VkImage dstImage, VkImageLayout dstImageLayout, uint32_t regionCount, const VkImageResolve* pRegions); We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. With all that said, we will now stand up a new class to encapsulate the render pass. Fragments produced by rasterization go through a number of operations to determine whether or how values produced by fragment shading are written to the framebuffer. Render-pass is a general description of steps Your drawing commands are divided into and of resources used during rendering. Which means that if attachment 0 is used as a depth/stencil in the renderpass then the image needs to have been created with the VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT. Jan 15, 2019 · There are two ways of achieving the transition AND the synchronisation: A) full barrier between the two render passes B) synchronize with a subpass dependency in render pass 2 (from VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL to subpass) and transition the layout with a sync-less barrier (TOP_OF_PIPE -> BOTTOM_OF_PIPE) between both render passes. One single triangle should be just fine for our first Vulkan-generated “image. gy zk up tc qy zm uy zr si fd