Mughal empire political structure

Mughal empire political structure. The decline was triggered by a mixture of socio-cultural, political economic, as well as external influences, which eventually caused the abolition of the Empire. The political system in the Mughal Empire was very well organized. This is a revised version of a seminal work first published in 1987. The word “Mughal” is the Indo-Aryan version of “ Mongol . [2] The Mughal’s are well known for their effective administrative organization that aided them in ruling much of India for more than two centuries. Penn Today spoke with Sheth about the The Mughal empire in India was founded by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babar, a Chaghatai Turkish ruler born on 14 February 1483. He ruled over a small kingdom in Turkestan. In this article, you can read all about the later Mughals and also about the decline of the Mughal Shortly after the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire ceased to be an effective force in the political life of India, but it was not until 1857-58, when the Indian Rebellion was crushed and the Emperor Bahadur Shah was put on trial for sedition and treason, that the Mughal Empire was formally rendered extinct. In 1526, Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur established Mughal rule in India that lasted until 1857, when the last Mughal emperor surrendered to British East India Company forces. That was the moment of the empire's greatest territorial reach, when it knew no peer nor threat. The dynasty’s rulers, descended from Timur and Genghis Khan, included unusually talented rulers over the course of seven generations, and the Sep 9, 2019 · In the 15th and 16th centuries, three great powers arose in a band across western and southern Asia. Pearson in his revelation of the fall of the Mughal Empire, gives an important place to the involvement of the Mughals in the Deccan and the affairs of the Marathas. As far as we can judge, the division of labour by gender was practically all pervasive, even within the same occupation (women were Europeans began applying the designation of "empire" to non-European monarchies, such as the Qing Empire and the Mughal Empire, as well as the Maratha Empire, eventually leading to the looser denotations applicable to any political structure meeting the criteria of "imperium". One of the only similarities between these societies were how they were ruled over by one person, either a Sultan, a . The Mughal Empire The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India Glimpses of Mughal Society and Culture Time in Early Modern Islam Mughal Administration (Patna University Readership Lectures, 1920) Paper, Performance, and the State Agra Islamic Gunpowder Empires Political Structure Of The Mughal Empire Downloaded from dev. Before the Mughal Empire was established, the region was ruled by the Delhi Sultanate. Despite its ability to tax the silk trade and a solid central government, it faced expensive wars against the Sunni-majority states that surrounded it. Structure of Mughal administration. In the end, in 1803, Delhi itself was occupied by the British army and the proud The 18th century in Indian history marks it relevance by two crucial developments - the decline of Mughal Empire and the expansion of British Empire. During the medieval period, Indian society was largely organised around a feudal structure that persisted even during Mughal rule. Thanks to the Turks, Babur had learned new cavalry tactics and, by using cannons, muskets, and guns, it enabled him to win great victories over the Indians, who were still using traditional methods of warfare. It was founded by Babur (d. The great ruler, Akbar, started a centralized government. The article's findings are of value for two reasons. Jun 13, 2011 · Taj Mahal Over the Years. From 1658 AD to 1681 AD, he remained in the north, but after this the political scene shifted from the north to the Deccan. The Mughal emperors lost their power and glory and their empire shrank to a few square miles around Delhi. Jul 2, 2023. It explains the nature and limitations of Mughal military superiority, the way that early battlefield victories and successful sieges laid the foundation of the empire, and the way in which the military Mughal empire composed by governing officials of the time are analysed using a novel approach rooted in a particular distinction between constants and contingencies. mabts. The political structure started to shift around this time, too. Some monarchies styled themselves as having greater size, scope, and Aug 6, 2020 · The oldest scholarly approach focused on the genius of individual Mughal rulers. Bold and adroit military and political leadership established him on the throne of Delhi. THE SUR DYNASTY (1540–55) AND THE MUGHAL RESTORATION (1555–6)¯ Sher Shah S¯ ur (1540–5) founded an empire that included not only the territories of the¯ old Lodi empire, but also Bengal, Malwa, much of Rajasthan and Multan. The Delhi Sultans existed when the Mongols attempted to attack and conquer the empire’s lands. M. pp. May 26, 2023 · This book argues that the distinctive political structure and function of the Mughal Empire developed during the first half of Akbar’s reign. The story highlights the role played by Jain and Hindu bankers in the daily affairs of Islamic, Hindu, and colonial governments on the Indian subcontinent. M. Oct 26, 2023 · The Mughal Empire. Jan 4, 2003 · Even as Mughal historians remain engaged with the political and economic bases of Mughal. While the Gupta rulers named themselves mahārājādhirāja (king of kings), they did not claim to be of divine origin and ruled with relative benevolence. This government was so successful that it was used The Mughal Empire of India was one of the great empires of world history. Ethnological structure, cultural eclecticism, social environ- The reign of Humayun was a period of transition in the establishment of Mughal empire in South Asia, a phase where neither the central Asian military characteristic was completely overhauled nor the administrative and political structure, which were later witnessed under Akbar (r. The emperors were the head of the Mughal administration and the Mughals retained multiple features of the administrative system of Shershah and Sultanate. Though it was Babar’s dream to rule Central Asia and capture Samarqand, he had Jul 3, 2023 · Neha Grover. Narrowly construed, they help fill a lacuna in mainstream views on Mughal historiography, traditionally dominated by Akbar and his reign, and imbued with the logic of decline (and The Mughals were a powerful Turkic-Mongol tribe that originated from Central Asia. To reconstruct contemporary understandings of how this situation came about, histories of the Mughal empire composed by governing officials of the time are Below is the article summary. Various historians have studied the two phases of the century and discussed distinct views. Based in Iran, the Safavid Empire at its height ruled over much of what is now Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, and Iraq, as well as parts of several neighboring In 1657-1658, there was conflict over succession amongst Shah Jahan’s sons. The Safavids were descended from Sheikh Ṣafī al-Dīn (1253–1334) of Ardabīl The Mughal Empire and Its Decline The Political Structure of the Mughal Empire in Northern India and Its Practical Working Up to the Year 1657 Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 The Last Mughal Modern Indian History Paper, Performance, and the State Power, Administration, and Finance in Mughal India Indian Agrarian Structure Dec 13, 2023 · By building or making accessible new datasets of Mughal conflicts and government officials, I map the empire's institutional transformation and identify critical periods of structural change. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal dynasties established control over Turkey, Iran, and India respectively, in large part due to a Chinese invention: gunpowder . Aurangzeb attempted to make India Darul Islam, that is, a place for the people believing in the Islamic faith. This year is generally considered the differentiating year to separate the era of the Great Mughals from that of the lesser Mughals, also known as the Later Mughals. The Mughal system, which looked so Overview: By employing a carefully organized bureaucratic system, the Maurya and Gupta Empires were able to maintain security and political unity across large parts of western and southern Asia. Richards’ oft-cited overview of Mughal history argues that the Mughal state was a highly centralized administrative structure, with the ruling emperor using his grip on power to extend his authority to every part of North India. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995. His court was the epicentre of wealth and power. The great Mughal Empire, the envy of its contemporaries for almost two centuries, declined and disintegrated during the first half of the eighteenth century. S. Every monument, every street, and every public space was designed to reflect the emperor’s authority and the empire’s grandeur. [3] The reign of Humayun was a period of transition in the establishment of Mughal empire in South Asia, a phase where neither the central Asian military characteristic was completely overhauled nor the administrative and political structure, which were later witnessed under Akbar (r. 148-49. Abstract In this article, Mughal understandings of their own past are reconstructed from the standpoint of Mughal paramountcy in around 1700. A Muslim dominion in India, lasting from 1526 to 1857. These two events changed India's social, economic and political structure. India was split up into many different villages and kingdoms like Delhi, Bengal, Rajasthan, Bahmani Kingdom, and the Empire of Vijayanagar. The Mughal Empire was an absolute monarchy with a central authority, the Mughal emperor. The interplay between political power and urban development. 1556-1605) had completely settled in. 'Professions of Women during the Mughal period: Contrasting Aspects' by Dr. [1] The Mughal Empire controlled most of Northern India from the 16th to the 18th century. May 26, 2023 · The Mughal Empire, which was one of the most famous families within Indian history, experienced the gradual loss of influence and power during the period of 18th century. Mar 23, 2024 · Describe the political structure of the Safavid Empire To the east of the lands of the Ottomans, another Islamic empire emerged at the beginning of the sixteenth century. edu by guest ROJAS Jan 15, 2021 · The empire was founded by the Mongol leader Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Afghan Lodi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat, where they used gunpowder for the first time in India. Akbar maintained the alliance with the Rajput. The empire’s governance was based on Islamic principles, and the emperor held considerable power. Dec 9, 2017 · Built by the Mughal king Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Taj, situated in Agra in Western UP has for centuries been synonymous with India and Indian culture. political and administrative role of the nobility. In many ways the Mughal empire represents the climax of Indian These understandings allow us to recapture the political sociology of empire as apprehended by the Mughal elites. Until then no real quantitative study of India’s precolonial economy had appeared, and statistical analysis had not really been applied to Indian economic history before the latter half of the nineteenth century. Like other empires, the Mughal Empire had lots of different communities. Sources where such alternative history Jul 1, 2021 · Pre-Mughal India. Founded in 1526, the Mughal Empire expanded during the late 16th and 17th centuries across almost the entire Indian subcontinent (except for the southern peninsular tip). Moosvi’s attempt was path-breaking because, on the May 31, 2023 · 2321-2853. In each, rulers had to find ways to legitimize their authority and their expansionist agenda, co-opting elites while also responding to the exigencies of economic change and military developments. The Taj Mahal is an enormous mausoleum complex commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the remains of his beloved wife. The lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles. These understandings allow us to recapture the political sociology of empire as apprehended by the Mughal elites. Institutions of Jagir and Mansab system were also introduced by the Mughals. Aug 6, 2020 · This bears on another question. They ruled and led military campaigns. A century before John Locke's "A Letter Concerning Toleration," Akbar developed a policy of "Universal Peace" repudiating religious compulsion and embracing ecumenical debate. In order to preserve the unity of his empire, Akbar adopted programs that won the loyalty of the non-Muslim populations of his realm. This bureaucratic system included a common economic system that supported stable agriculture across vast land holdings and successful trade and commerce. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Asia and elsewhere, as well as an immense construction program that included the restoration of the Great Wall. The king was at the pinnacle of his power. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and structure was established 1 Safavid, Mughal, and Ottoman Empires. Timurid India far outstripped in sheer The dynamics of the Mughal Empire’s social structure fell in between that of a feudal system and a centralized system. When the Mughal Empire came to power each area was individually run and kept separate from the other areas. Penn Today spoke with Sheth about the 31 Naimur Rehman Farooqi, Mughal-Ottoman Relations: A study of political and diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire. The Safavids began not as a political dynasty, but as the hereditary leaders of a Sufi order based in the city of Ardabil, located in today’s northwestern Iran. Apr 20, 2024 · The archaeological evidence from the Mughal period is vital for understanding the socio-political structure, the cultural ethos, and the technological advancements of the time. Nov 24, 2023 · The empire was divided into several provinces known as Subas for smooth administration and revenue collection. ”. The basic division in Ottoman society was the traditional Middle Eastern distinction between a small ruling class of The Mughals formalized a new territorial unit called suba. Jan 15, 2021 · The 150-year tug-of-war accentuated the Sunni and Shi’a rift in Iraq. Holt, Ann K. 3 Many Nov 1, 2015 · Abstract. The document has been permanently moved to here. The Mughals constructed a sophisticated, complex system of government that facilitated an era of profound artistic READ: South Asia 1450–1750. But the wide impetuses and implications of this deeply entrenched Timurid-Mughal practice still eludes historical analysis. For the Uzbek Mavarannahr state, see B. It should not be forgotten that the empire began as a small war-band that coalesced around the household of a fugitive Timurid prince, Babur. The Mughal Empire Time in Early Modern Islam The Mughal Empire and Its Decline The Rise of Fiscal States Paper, Performance, and the State A History of the New India The Central Structure of the Mughal Empire and Its Practical Working Up to the Year 1657 Medieval Indian History Land and Taxation System During the Mughal Age Political Structure Habib argued that the political and social structure of the empire was weakened by these peasant protests. By the end of the seventeenth century, the Mughal empire had reached its territorial zenith. Mughal dynasty, or Mogul dynasty, Muslim dynasty that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The article’s findings are of value for two reasons. With ready access to silver, the Mughals built an ethnically and Nov 23, 2023 · Aurangzeb ascended to the throne in AD 1658 and assumed the title of Alamgir, which means “the Conqueror of the world”. He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent. The first of these new datasets constructed is the Mughal Conflict dataset derived from contemporary state histories. After a long and bloody siege led by the Safavid grand vizier Hatem Beg, which lasted from November 1609 to the summer of 1610, the Kurdish stronghold of Dimdim was captured. The most famous of all Mughal emperors, Akbar the Great (r. The OER Project offers a PDF document that explores the government and economic structure of the Mughal Empire, one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in 1750. The architecture and urban planning of Shahjahanabad were deeply intertwined with the political ideologies and aspirations of the Mughal Empire. Although the founder of the empire, Babur, gets some credit, most of the scholarly attention is focused on the success of his grandson, Emperor Akbar, whose extraordinary military, political, and administrative skills are credited with placing the empire on such firm foundations that it sustained itself for at The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty who ruled over a majority Hindu population. During his five-year reign, he was continuously engaged in military operations and died as the result of a Apr 5, 2024 · Safavid dynasty, (1501–1736), ruling dynasty of Iran whose establishment of Twelver Shiʿism as the state religion of Iran was a major factor in the emergence of a unified national consciousness among the various ethnic and linguistic elements of the country. He reigned for a remarkably long period of 50 years. The literary and cultural interests and contributions it made, did not receive adequate attention. Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar (1542–1605) was the third ruler of the Mughal Empire, an Islamicate dynasty that controlled parts of the Indian subcontinent for over 300 years (1526–1857). power, the study of gender relations at the Mughal court and the rethinking of political, social and cultural milieu in light of new questions that might arise in the domestic sphere is a task that has scarcely begun. Ambika Singh (Research Paper) International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages (National Jan 3, 2023 · Ming Empire. 5 Their presence in the North-West was a reason for a continuous political struggle for the area. Aurangzeb 1658-1707. These findings help historians and archaeologists piece together the magnificent puzzle of the Mughal Empire, showcasing its legacy not just in Indian history but in the THE SUR DYNASTY (1540–55) AND THE MUGHAL RESTORATION (1555–6)¯ Sher Shah S¯ ur (1540–5) founded an empire that included not only the territories of the¯ old Lodi empire, but also Bengal, Malwa, much of Rajasthan and Multan. Shah Ismail I founded the Safavid Empire as a Shi’ite society with strong Persian identity. Akbar and his successors successfully maintained further attempted to broaden the political base of the Mughal Empire by allying with powerful sections including the Afghans and the Marathas. In 1609–10, a war broke out between Kurdish tribes and the Safavid Empire. Akbar inherited a small, fledgling kingdom and by the end of his 49-year reign (1556–1605) had expanded imperial power across much of north and composition, structure and role of the Mughal nobility before this observation was made, and many good works followed after it, the focus remained on the. For the full article, see Mughal dynasty . Between the mid-sixteenth and early nineteenth century, the Mughal Empire was an Indo-Islamic dynasty that ruled as far as Bengal in the east and Kabul in the west, as high as Kashmir in the north and the Kaveri basin in the south. Women here enjoyed greater political, economic and cultural freedom than hitherto understood. It was that policy which fitted into the compromising nature of the Indian May 24, 2016 · Mughal Administration: Key Features & Structure. Similar qualities and Persian aid brought his son, Humayun, back to the same position. 2 million square kilometers). (1) In the north-east, the Ahoms were defeated in 1663, but the 1680s. Constructed over a 20-year The Mughal empire was one of the largest centralized states known in pre-modern world history. In all three the ruling dynasty was Islamic, the economic system was agrarian, and the military forces were paid in grants of land revenue. The reign of Humayun was a period of transition in the establishment of Mughal empire in South Asia, a phase where neither the central Asian military characteristic was completely overhauled nor the administrative and political structure, which were later witnessed under Akbar (r. Between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, the Mughal Empire was one of the world’s largest empires, ruling large parts of the subcontinent. Mughal empire composed by governing officials of the time are analysed using a novel approach rooted in a particular distinction between constants and contingencies. I was born Agra and Abstract. During Mughal rule, Muslims averaged only about 15 percent of the population. The empire thrived because of capable leaders and an innovative political structure. Distinguished by peace and security at home and abroad, as well READ: The Safavid Empire. At the peak of their power, the sultans reigned supreme, unchallenged by a nobility or bureaucracy. N. It can be broken down in to four distinct groups that, just like most cultures, seemed to depend on wealth as the deciding factor of social class. Sep 20, 2018 · Episode 14 leaves the West and heads to 16th and 17th Century India and the Mughal empire. Mughal Harem The Mughal Empire was established in India in the 16th century. Toward the end of the seventeenth century, however, the central institutions of the Mughal state began to falter, and the empire faced a series of challenges from newly assertive/empowered regional client states and breakaway provinces—several of which had themselves been political and economic beneficiaries of the Mughal state’s success The Rise of the Safavid Empire. Ballhatchet. Earlier in a similar paper I suggested that the Mughal state rather than being a structure perfected at a given point of time, could be seen as a process, which incorporated and adjusted to the traditions and customs of the peoples as well as to the regions that were integrated into the empire over the years. 1530), and reached its height of power under Akbar, Jehangir (1605–27), Shah Jehān, who built the Taj Mahal (1627–58), and Auraṇgzéb. Jul 1, 2020 · My articles in Security Studies and the European Journal of International Relations focused on the Mughal Empire in Islamicate Asia in an attempt to contribute to International Relations (IR The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty who ruled over a majority Hindu population. The Mughal empire was divided into twelve provinces or subas by Akbar. Aurangzeb was victorious and his three brothers, including Dara Shukoh, were killed. In particular, the rule of Akbar the Great. : The Ming Empire, also known as the Great Ming, was a ruling dynasty in China from 1368 to 1644. Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal emperors of India. The first of these empires was the Delhi Sultanate. Mughal Architecture. He was the son of the ruler of the petty kingdom of Farghana and inherited his father’s precarious throne when he was but eleven years old. His policy gave a severe jolt to the policy of Akbar to build India as Sulah-i-Kul, that is, a place of religious toleration. By 1750, they had dominated much of South Asia for several centuries. As a further safeguard against abuses, Akbar reorganized ment of a new political synthesis was the direct result ; the status of a subject was not to be determined by the acceptance of the religion of the conqueror but the offer of loyalty to their throne. Mansabdari System. From the fifteenth through eighteenth centuries, South Asia was a prosperous and diverse place. During his five-year reign, he was continuously engaged in military operations and died as the result of a Social Structure. Further Reading: Richards, John. 1707 CE. Jan 1, 2018 · Introduction. The PDF also includes questions and activities to deepen your understanding of this fascinating era of world The political system in the regimen of Mughal emperors was well organised. 1556-1748, Delhi, 1989. The three Islamic empires of the early modern period – the Mughal, the Safavid, and the Ottoman – shared a common Turko-Mongolian heritage. 301 Moved Permanently . The Mughal Empire declined rapidly after the death of Aurangzeb in c. The mughal empire was divided into "Subas" which were further subdivided into "Sarkar","Pargana", and "Gram". Lambton and Bernard Lewis Nov 3, 2023 · Political. Women, Harem, Mughal, Emperor, Mother, wife. The Mughal Empire is known as a “gunpowder empire. Under this system every officer was assigned a rank (mansab). There were 15 Subas (provinces) durng The Mughal rulers, particularly Akbar, personally refurbished and consolidated the administrative system. By the late 1600s the Mughal emperor held supreme political authority over a population numbering between 100 and 150 millions and lands covering most of the Indian subcontinent (3. Apr 23, 2024 · The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Akbar the Great allowed foreigners to take places within the government, built the government bureaucracy, and was tolerant of other religions. Islamic Ideals and Key Features of the Mughal Empire. In Mughal paintings depicting building construction, we see women pounding limestone to obtain lime mortar, sieving lime and bearing (on their heads) bricks and lime to carry to bricklayers (as they still do). This had a profound influence on the religious structure of the Mughal Empire in India. By the time of the Indian mutiny, it had diminished to a small area around Delhi. Shah Jahan was imprisoned for the rest of his life in Agra. The Mughal rule was indirect. The early sixteenth century saw the rise of three distinct Islamic empires, ruled by the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. Summary. In large part, the successes of the western empires depended on advanced firearms and 3 days ago · Kenneth A. Jun 29, 2016 · The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan. The administrative structure of the province during Mughal rule was exactly the miniature of the central government. The head of a Suba was Subedar who was appointed directly by the emperor. Feb 5, 2024 · In the book, Sheth traces how a family of diamond dealers deployed wealth to manipulate political leaders and survive the collapse of the Mughal Empire. The Formation of the Mughal Empire Land and Taxation System During the Mughal Age The Mughul Court and Its Institutions: The Mansabdari system and the Mughul Army ; The Imperial treasury of the Indian Mughuls State and Locality in Mughal India The Central Structure of the Mughal Empire and Its Practical Working Up to the Year 1657 Political The borders of the Ottoman Empire became less fuzzy. The Mughal system of fosterage far from being fully explained or explored is simply reduced to a cultural tradition or an accepted social behaviour loosely governed by abstract emotions of care and nurturance. 1556-1605) is also highlighted in what follows. At its peak, the empire contained roughly 1. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau It has been attempted to show the structure of the Harem as a domestic as well as political establishment. A centralized government was easier to control and administer. The Mughal Empire had started disintegrating in the life time of Aurangzeb himself. Learn how the Mughals ruled over a diverse and rich territory, and how they faced challenges from within and without. Muslims were already living in India when the Mughals first arrived. This was the second of two great Islamic empires which dominated the history of the Indian subcontinent from the early 13th to the early 18th centuries. The same was true of neighboring European and Asian states. Akbar started effectively a centralised government during his ruling time. Based in northern India, the Gupta Empire (320–600) was one of the largest political and military empires in world history. He was a great military commander and was Akbar’s reforms required a centralized financial system, and, thus, by the side of each provincial governor ( sūbadār, later called nawab) was placed a civil administrator ( dīwān, or divan) who supervised revenue collection, prepared accounts, and reported directly to the emperor. Before the Mughal Empire the social structure was very unorganized. 24 million square miles and about 150 million people (half of western Europe in size but double its population). How did it successfully rule all of these groups until the mid-eighteenth century? According to the article, what was the role of the Mughal Empire in the global economy? What internal challenges did the Mughal emperors face in 1750? Jun 27, 2018 · Mughal empire or Mogul empire. For the first few centuries of its existence, the Ottoman Empire had been controlled by a chain of powerful warrior-sultans. Unlike Europe, where nobles owned huge amounts of land and had the loyalty of the people living on it, the Ottoman Empire lacked a permanent aristocracy. The article below uses “Three Close Reads”. Members of the Mughal population could move to a higher social class; however Ottoman Empire - Classical Society, Administration, Reforms: During the 16th century the institutions of society and government that had been evolving in the Ottoman dominions for two centuries reached the classical forms and patterns that were to persist into modern times. Spüler, 'Central Asia from the sixteenth century to the Russian conquests', in P. The order in Ardabil was founded in the thirteenth century by the Sufi master Zahed Gilani, and little is known about its beliefs and practices in its The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 16th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. rl av vr nm ph de ew zu wh ht