Lab 10. Busy servers create huge log files. Feb 4, 2021 路 GoAccess. 4 Log Analysis rdp. This package contains the command line tool, haproxy_log_analysis. i just need the command to figure out the questions below) Log analysis is the process of collecting, parsing, and analyzing log data from various sources in order to identify patterns, trends, and issues. Threats. May 29, 2020 路 So, I went on and installed it on my kali VM successfully. log: is for mail server logs, handy for postfix, smtpd, or email-related services info running on your server. Runs on Windows Server. grep -B2 -A1 STATUS=FAIL – steeling Commented Jan 5, 2019 at 17:51 May 23, 2024 路 yara-doc. 65 MB. Don't get me wr Kali Undercover is the perfect way to not stand out in a crowd. NGINX is a highly popular web server considered one of the fastest solutions on the market. Lynis can be used in addition to other software, like security scanners, system benchmarking and fine-tuning tools. It features rules-based logging and can perform content searching/matching in addition to detecting a variety of other attacks and probes, such as buffer overflows, stealth port scans, CGI attacks, SMB probes, and much more. With this value set to the same value as the home network, the logs are structured so that content from suspicious remote computers is logged into directories named after each remote computer. Learn the skills you need to take advantage of Kali Linux for digital forensics investigations using this comprehensive guide Key Features Master powerful Kali Linux tools for digital investigation and analysis Perform evidence acquisition, preservation, and analysis using various tools within Kali Linux Implement the concept of cryptographic hashing and imaging using Kali LinuxPerform memory May 23, 2024 路 skipfish. 馃搮 Create execution timelines by analysing Shimcache artefacts and enriching them with Amcache data. Its core idea is to quickly analyze and view web server statistics in real time without needing to use your browser ( great if you want to do a quick analysis of your access log via SSH, or if you simply love working in the terminal ). Apr 6, 2023 路 To view the network connections associated with the RAM dump that is being analyzed use the following command: python3 vol. For both the *nix system and web browser, this Linux log analyzer can easily operate in a terminal. See python3-haproxy-log-analysis for the library that this tool uses. Troubleshooting Linux can be very confusing due to all of the moving parts. We covered an introduction to Zeek, packets and logs analyzer, that can be used for network security monitoring, incident analysis and logs investigation. vms needed: kali linux. Determine Whether the File is a Good Candidate for Command-line Log Analysis. Home of Kali Linux, an Advanced Penetration Testing Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments. $ zsh-static. I demonstrate SMB Analysis tools: Swaks. This package contains the Kismet Linux Bluetooth capture helper. Log analysis is exactly what it sounds like — analyzing the log files to access the information they contain. . Jul 14, 2023 路 How to install security updates from the command line in Ubuntu. Should there be updates to this situation, they will be edited onto this blog post. txt, or . This practice is essential for gaining insights into network behavior, identifying anomalies, detecting security threats, and optimizing network performance. I opened the web user interface and ran it against one target and it worked. Kali Linux comes preinstalled with software that can help you to accomplish many basic digital forensics tasks. User created with password 'yyyyyyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyyyyyyyy'. Plain text files: Any file with the extension . We can now dive into forensic volatility memory analysis. If it does, great. The framework ingests Bro/Zeek Logs in TSV format, and currently supports the following major features: The automatic installer is officially supported on Ubuntu 16. It can also check for outdated version details of 1200 servers and Oct 18, 2023 路 Network traffic analysis is the process of capturing, inspecting, and interpreting data packets as they traverse a network. chrome/Crash Reports’. Forensic memory analysis using volatility Step 1: Getting memory dump OS profile. conf" file. Apr 27, 2021 路 Part 1: Use LiME to acquire memory and dump it to a file. - GitHub - mwi-kali/Educational-Data-Log-Analysis: Analysis of the 2019 10 Academy learners activity in the Moodle Learning Management System. But I had only brought my laptop which is running Kali Linux. NetworkMiner is also a Windows program but can be run on Linux using mono pretty easily. /var/log/maillog or var/log/mail. /var/log/kern: keeps in Kernel logs and warning info. ManageEngine Log360 (FREE TRIAL) A log management system that supplies log analysis tools and a SIEM with a threat intelligence feed. Dec 1, 2023 路 Hayabusa is a Windows event log fast forensics timeline generator and threat hunting tool created by the Yamato Security group in Japan. log - Stores all login, logout, and reboot information. Graphite. zsh-autosuggestions. See full list on tecmint. Dec 2, 2023 路 Log processing, search, and analytics. grep is a command line tool capable of searching for matching text in a file or output from other commands. On Ubuntu, the Apache log files are stored in the /var/log/apache2 directory by default. Enterprise scalable realtime graphing. A mobile penetration testing platform for Android devices, based on Kali Linux. This is an excellent command, particularly when you want to sift through the log file and observe real-time changes. Hashcat is an advanced CPU/GPU-based password recovery utility supporting seven unique modes of attack for over 100 optimized hashing algorithms. Data collector for unified logging layer. -h 192. awstats is: Advanced Web Statistics (AWStats) is a powerful web server logfile analyzer written in perl that shows you all your web statistics including visits, unique visitors, pages, hits, rush hours, search engines, keywords used to find your site, robots, broken links and more. When it comes to a weblog analyzer that operates in real-time, GoAccess is the perfect choice for you. Hypsometric parameters have been evaluated and curves are prepared forall the 20 sub-basins of Kali River. 1. Installed size: 1. Once Any Android product launched in the market and customers start using it. net at your command prompt). $ zsh5-static. WELA’s logon timeline generator will combine only the useful information from multiple logon log entries (4624, … Set a Standard Location for Log Files. Snort is a libpcap-based packet sniffer/logger which can be used as a lightweight network intrusion detection system. The importance of log analytics lies in the fact that it allows organizations to gain valuable Dec 1, 2019 路 26. 7. Every Linux system has multiple log files that store important events that happen on the device or network. 29 MB. But I see a lot of people using programs like Splunk or Elsa. Sep 15, 2014 路 Then I’ll use Wireshark to dig deeper into the things I want to look at. Here’s how I got it up in running on my Kali Linux box in about 2 minutes. Whether you’re conducting network scans, assessing database Linux log management can be exhausting . This package contains the data files for hashcat, including charsets, rules, salts, tables and Python tools. 1. Jun 3, 2024 路 Though there are many tools in Kali Linux for vulnerability analysis here is the list of most used tools. It is intended to follow the Unix philosophy of small fast and easy to use, and can be used to inspect/supports different log file formats including syslog and Apache log Features. docx from CTS 242 at Anne Arundel Community College. Dec 19, 2019 路 mod_log_forensic begins logging before a request (when the headers are first received), and logs again after the request. Nov 5, 2023 路 In conclusion, Kali Linux offers a comprehensive suite of tools for vulnerability analysis, each with its unique features and uses. Applications started via Kali's panel will share the desktop with Sep 21, 2022 路 Here, we will be referencing Linux commands for finding and understanding different kinds of logs. csv will already be open in NCL’s embedded text viewer. The resulting map is then annotated with the output from a number of active (but hopefully non-disruptive) security checks. 馃挕 Analyse the SRUM database and provide insights about it. As an Android developer, all of you know Logs analysis is a phase of development and we encounter it from time to time. In the process, you will learn how to interpret Apache log files. Also useful to fix problems with custom kernels. Nov 15, 2017 路 Managing OpenVAS Users. Open the access file. Chainsaw provides a range of searching and hunting features which aims to help threat hunters and incident response teams detect suspicious event log entries to aid in their investigations. The key features include: Search through event logs by event ID, keyword, and regex patterns. log, etc. GoAccess can parse both of Apaches’ log formats, the Common Log Format and the Combined Log Format There are three methods to install goaccess on Kali Linux. In the Terminal, type: cd Desktop. If not, you may want to create a dedicated directory for the application under /var/log. List share drives, drive permissions, share contents, upload/download functionality, file name auto-download pattern matching, and even execute remote commands. Unlock the power of cybersecurity with 'Defense with Kali Purple. The goal of log2timeline (and thus plaso) is to provide a single tool that can parse various log files and forensic artifacts from computers and related systems, such as network equipment to wpscan. py -f <filename> windows. You can use it for serving data for small, personal projects, as a reverse proxy, or as an enterprise-grade solution powering large e-commerce sites handling millions of users daily. . This can include everything from web server logs and application logs to network and security logs. log, . I have had trouble finding tools beyond this. Quick start hints: register/login, Join Queue, Switch On (in Control tab), Wait for successful boot, click the Connect tab, and then click "telnet: linuxzoo. In this article, we will focus specifically on Linux Dec 22, 2021 路 Having installed volatility and fixed any errors. Digital forensics is a branch of forensic science that deals with the recovery and analysis of material from computers, cell phones, storage media or any other device that processes information. 4 Log Analysis - rdp VMs Needed: Kali Linux Files Needed: rdp. log Use the rdp. This is the final room in the “log analysis” section of SOC Level Two. If you believe something is missing or could be improved, please submit an issue to help to try and get this to be as complete as possible. Kismet is a wireless network and device detector, sniffer, wardriving tool, and WIDS (wireless intrusion detection) framework. Each description consists of a set of strings and a Boolean expression which determines its logic. Conclusion. Users can find all the logs of a Linux system by running the following command on the terminal: ls /var/log. It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns. Jan 13, 2019 路 GoAccess - Web Server Log Analyzer dengan Tampilan Interaktif. netscan. The Basics of Troubleshooting. Hayabusa means “peregrine falcon” in Japanese and was chosen as peregrine falcons are the fastest animal in the world, great at hunting and highly trainable. This package contains the static library and the C header files that are needed for applications to use libwireshark services. Linux systems typically save their log files under the /var/log directory. log - Stores the status of all authentication attempts, whether successful or not. Press ‘Shift+F’ to resume it. Skipfish is an active web application security reconnaissance tool. It features a set of highly configurable danger thresholds (with Feb 10, 2021 路 How to Approach a Wild Log 1. Apr 22, 2024 路 /var/log/boot. It contains tons of tools for penetration testing, network security, bug hunting, cyber security research, digital forensics, and reverse engineering. Open the terminal on your Kali Linux system. WELA's logon timeline generator will consolodate only the useful information in multiple logon log entries (4624, 4634, 4647, 4672, 4776) into single events, perform data reduction by ignoring around 90% of the noise, and will convert any hard to read data (such as hex status codes) into human readable format. In this tutorial, we will see how to locate the Apache log files on a Linux system and look through them for relevant information about visitors, errors, and Apache performance. Sample log collection deployment scenarios using syslog work like the following: Log messages are generated by an ‘originator’ and forwarded on to a ‘collector’. One of the simplest ways to analyze logs is by performing plain text searches using grep. You can update your package lists by executing the command below: sudo apt update. However, the installation process always takes me to version 7. GoAccess. The program runs as a command line in Unix/Linux operating systems and can evaluate log formats including Nginx, CloudFront, Apache, Amazon S3, and Elastic Load Balancing. Using ‘less +F’ command. Rename the file access. Large log files are difficult to scan, making it hard to spot problems and troubleshoot issues. youtube. )? My understanding is cuckoo was the primary malware sandbox for Kali but it seems it is no longer being currently developed. This tool was designed with pen testing in mind, and is intended to simplify searching for potentially Feb 28, 2024 路 Chrome, for example, writes crash reports to ‘~/. This package contains a tool to crawl the graph of certificate Alternate Names. log to answer the following GoAccess was designed to be a fast, terminal-based log analyzer. 0 to 5. SSLScan is designed to be easy, lean and fast. You are supposed to write regular expressions ( Ignore patterns ) for the parts that should be removed from the text view until only the interesting parts are left. New domains are printed as they are found. System Requirements: Feb 8, 2024 路 Windows Event Log Analyzer wants to be the Swiss Army knife of Windows event logs. less +F /var/log/syslog. , sandboxes and behavior analyzers, etc. LogAnalyzer is a tool that helps you to manually analyze your log files by reducing the content with regular expression patterns you define. For example: Nov 24, 2014 路 Hello i would like to visualize WiFi network activity of an associated WiFi user. Loki. 3 log analysis. MySQL – Pre installed in Kali Linux chaosreader. We add -f to specify the file which in our case is the memdump and also specify the plugin required. Feb 17, 2021 路 Save the Web Access Log log file to the desktop of your Kali virtual machine. Jul 8, 2023 路 In the next post, we’ll be setting up a basic blue team network with a SIEM for event log analysis. It’s included by default in most Linux distributions and is also available for Windows and macOS. Oct 19, 2011 路 Hypsometric analysis is useful for understanding the geomorphic stages of a river basin. YARA is a tool aimed at helping malware researchers to identify and classify malware samples. hashcat Usage Examples Run a benchmark test on all supported hash types to determine Packet & Log Analysis with Zeek | TryHackMe Zeek P1 & P2. Setup. Apache server – Pre installed in Kali Linux. The output includes preferred ciphers of the SSL service, the certificate and is in text and XML formats. 04 LTS, Security Onion*, and CentOS 7. Plaso (plaso langar að safna öllu) is the Python based back-end engine used by tools such as log2timeline for automatic creation of a super timelines. Some key features include: DNS traffic interception and manipulation. Srinivas. Log management solution implementation storing logs in ElasticSearch. how many mb traffic did a certain client generate per hour, per day, per week, per month) Is there such a tool available ? May 17, 2024 路 haproxy log analysis can generate aggregate statistics from HAProxy logs in the HTTP log format. 3 Log Analysis - access log VMs Needed: Kali Linux Files Needed: access 1. These records, or log files, are stored on the system and can be a valuable source of information about your website’s usage and audience. I was able to find some vulnerabilities and even exploit some. com Log analysis is one of the most important tools of a security researcher. g. Kismet works with Wi-Fi interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, some SDR (software defined radio) hardware like the RTLSDR, and other specialized capture hardware. Jan 5, 2019 路 If the entries of the log are consistent (four lines, third being status), then you can list only the failed ones by utilising greps context line controls. Some of the most important files are: /var/log/auth. It does this by providing common tools, configurations, and automations which allows the user to focus on the task that needs to be completed, not the surrounding activity. In this tutorial we learn how to install awstats on Kali Linux. 81 MB. We will take on the role of inc Jul 28, 2020 路 Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution that is maintained by Offensive Security. 168. Installed size: 93. Zeek has two primary layers; “Event Engine” and “Policy Script Interpreter” that are used to process and extract key data and Mar 15, 2024 路 3. It scans the system configuration and creates an overview of system information and security issues usable by professional auditors. Feb 16, 2023 路 Analyzing the logs is an important part of administering Apache and ensuring that it runs as expected. Chromebook: Log into the Chromebook (no guest support for Linux) Save the Web Access Log log file to the Linux files folder. Customizable spoofing based on domain lists. Linux machines produce a huge range of logs in a variety of formats. Installed size: 394 KB How to install: sudo apt install wpscan Dependencies: log analysis. Apr 8, 2024 路 Loggly (FREE TRIAL) Online log consolidator with great analysis tools. Bagi seorang sysadmin yang setiap harinya memantau kinerja server yang dikelolanya, saya pikir memiliki log analyzer akan sangat membantu. Nov 11, 2018 路 For example, Kali Linux used in our book has rsyslog package installed. To verify that the file is present, type: ls. Mar 29, 2024 路 As of 5:00 pm ET on March 29, 2024 the following information is accurate. RITA is an open source framework for network traffic analysis. Log analysis is a vast and valuable domain. All was fine. 2. Centralized Logging: Consider a log management solution for easier log aggregation and analysis, especially when dealing with vast amounts of data across multiple servers. /var/log/wtmp. Further, by tracking log files, DevOps teams and database administrators (DBAs) can maintain optimum database performance or find evidence of unauthorized Apr 1, 2023 路 Learn how to view and find log files on Kali Linux, a popular operating system for ethical hacking and penetration testing. CertGraph crawls SSL certificates creating a directed graph where each domain is a node and the certificate alternative names for that domain’s certificate are the edges to other domain nodes. Cross-platform without needing special privileges. log (but rdp file cannot be uploaded in here because the file is too big and there is no option where i can upload any files. How to install: sudo apt install libwireshark-dev. Android logs caption. Its core idea is to quickly analyze and view web server statistics in real time without needing to use your browser (great if you want to do a quick analysis of your access log via SSH, or if you simply love working in the terminal). com/channel/UCmbNDD-DifF92QNbKvlF_SA/joinIn this vid Kali Linux (formerly known as BackTrack Linux) is an open-source, Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at advanced Penetration Testing and Security Auditing. It is an access Sep 1, 2020 路 -l /var/log/snort/: Sets the logging directory. Kali Linux simplifies this complex task with an array of user The “libwireshark” library provides the network packet dissection services developed by the Wireshark project. Description-md5: Look at the Our Environment link, and then Running Your Machine for getting started. Analyze the logs of an affected workstation to determine the attacker's indicators of compromise. Win-KeX provides a full Kali Desktop Experience for Windows WSL. Fluentd. How to install: sudo apt install sslscan. The following information will be displayed from running this command: The output of netscan is made up of 10 columns: Offset - Location in memory. What are some good dynamic malware analysia tools for Kali (e. Mar 21, 2023 路 Kali Linux is a Debian-based Linux distribution originally designed for offensive information security. Oct 31, 2023 路 Oct 31, 2023. certgraph. Log files are stored in multiple places. You can do this by clicking on the terminal icon in the taskbar or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T. Installed size: 4. In this article, we'll take a quick look at how you can analyze Linux logs using common command-line tools. Open a Terminal window in Kali. docx from CTS 207 at Anne Arundel Community College. Further Exploration. GOOD CANDIDATES. Papertrail. Chromebook: Log into the Chromebook (no guest support for Linux) Save the Leaping log file to the Linux files folder. This doc will aim to cover as much as possible while still being understandable. Sumo Logic. Dec 27, 2023 路 dnschef is a highly configurable DNS proxy used primarily for traffic analysis and malware forensics. log, secure, cron, kern. We can use apt-get , apt and aptitude . 6. 3, which is not the latest version as per openvas forums. On Linux it is a Command Line Interface tool. Linux log files are stored in plain-text and can be found in the /var/log directory and subdirectory. e. Introduction. Kali Linux is a specially designed OS for network analysts, Penetration testers, or in simple words, it is for those who work under the umbrella of cybersecurity and analysis. Chaosreader traces TCP/UDP/others sessions and fetches application data from snoop or tcpdump logs (or other libpcap compatible programs). Kali NetHunter is made up of an App, App Store, Kali Container and KeX. /var/log/dmesg: a repository for device driver SSLScan queries SSL services, such as HTTPS, in order to determine the ciphers that are supported. Define the location of your forensic log with the CustomLog directive. Log analysis counts for a lot in an investigation, and this article provides a gentle introduction to log analysis. At the 10th anniversary, Kali released Kali Purple 2023. 0. This is a type of “any-snarf” program, as it will fetch telnet sessions, FTP files, HTTP transfers (HTML, GIF, JPEG etc) and SMTP emails from the captured data inside network traffic logs. (E. A log file could contain information such as who is accessing a company’s assets, how is he/she is Sep 15, 2020 路 The Apache server grants access to your website and keeps an access log for all incoming HTTP traffic. i just need the command to figure out the questions below) Feb 15, 2021 路 Save the Leaping log file to the desktop of your Kali virtual machine. net" (or type telnet linuxzoo. This works fine, but check if the application saves under a specific directory under /var/log. 1 variation of its original build. We cannot Feb 21, 2024 路 Regular Review: Make log analysis a proactive habit, rather than only reacting to problems. Thirteen sub-basins are found to be under younger geomorphic stages with high hypsometric integral (Ea) values and subjected to recent tectonic Jun 1, 2024 路 GoAccess was designed to be a fast, terminal-based log analyzer. If you need (or want) to create additional OpenVAS users, run ‘openvasmd’ with the --create-user option, which will add a new user and display the randomly-generated password: root@kali:~# openvasmd --create-user=dookie. zsh-static. The xz-utils package, starting from versions 5. 馃攳 Search and extract forensic artefacts by string matching, and regex patterns. Horizontally-scalable, highly-available, multi-tenant log aggregation system. To inspect Dec 9, 2022 路 Today, Dante's Derivatives will walk-through the privilege escalation log analysis challenge on Blue Team Labs Online (BTLO). SMBMap allows users to enumerate samba share drives across an entire domain. 1, was found to contain a backdoor (CVE-2024-3094). For demo purposes, I have the following setup. May 28, 2019 路 Monitor Squid logs with Grafana and Graylog. MIT Licensed. Such information is often collected and stored to analyze how the intrusion happened and its impact. This backdoor could potentially allow a malicious actor to compromise sshd authentication, granting unauthorized access to the Jan 3, 2023 路 6. 0/24: This doesn't set the home network, that was set in the "snort. Nikto. With YARA, it is possible to create descriptions of malware families based on textual or binary patterns contained in samples of those families. Oct 19, 2019 路 RITA is a real intelligence threat analytics. This open-source log viewer is quite interactive and is made for the Unix-type system. Press ‘Ctrl+C’ to stop the real-time feed and navigate. Paessler PRTG Network Monitor (FREE TRIAL) Network, server, and application monitor that includes Windows Event Log View Lab 10. The moodle LMS is a highly scalable framework, and all students activities are stored in a highly structured database. Aug 16, 2023 路 Here’s a short instruction for you: 1. It prepares an interactive sitemap for the targeted site by carrying out a recursive crawl and dictionary-based probes. files needed: rdp. References: Kali Documentation: Kali inside Proxmox (Guest VM) Cybersecurity. Support for common record types like A, MX, TXT etc. Extraction and parsing of Windows Defender, F-Secure, Sophos Oct 15, 2021 路 This video is part of the Kali Security Tools series. A transaction log file is necessary to recover a SQL server database from disaster. log. Oke kali ini saya akan membahas tentang GoAccess. WPScan scans remote WordPress installations to find security issues. so it doesn't matter what type of log you will be using. Dynamic malware analysis tools for Kali Linux. Jul 28, 2021 路 Digital forensics with Kali Linux. Package managers, web servers, user applications. Doing so will reveal file names such as syslog, messages, auth. ' This insightful video by InfosecTrain delves into the innovative strategies and tools with log analysis. GoAccess is a free log analysis tool suitable for IT professionals who need quick access to real-time server data and reports. It can assist in automated audits. What is awstats. Grafana is an opensource tool for visualizing data collected from different types of data stores such as Prometheus, InfluxDB, Elasticsearch, Graphite, MySQL and several other databases. View Lab 10. Hereafter we will use rsyslog for log analysis. This can be started using the following command: service apache2 start . Rename the file leaping. Graylog2. At the moment, WELA’s best feature is that it can make an easy-to-understand timeline of logins to help with fast forensics and incident reaction. 61 MB. Before you can begin to analyze memory, you need a memory dump at your disposal. That means two log entries are created for each request, allowing an administrator to measure response times with more precision. But Log Analysis is the main challenging thing for code maintainer or Support Engineer. So welcome NetworkMiner to the rescue. Apr 29, 2018 路 This article covers the basic concepts of log analysis to provide solutions to the above-mentioned scenarios. In an actual forensics event, this could come from a compromised or hacked system. Nikto is an Open Source software written in Perl language that is used to scan a web-server for vulnerability that can be exploited and can compromise the server. This can be over a specific period, or over a subset of the entries by specifying a filter. In this case of integrating it with Graylog, we will use Elasticsearch as our Grafana datasource. We previously covered the basics of logs, including logging fundamentals, data sources Apr 3, 2019 路 Logging—both tracking and analysis—should be a fundamental process in any monitoring infrastructure. Dump analysis helps us know the OS profile. There are Linux logs for everything: system, kernel, package managers, boot processes, Xorg, Apache, MySQL, etc. zsh-syntax-highlighting. Jun 13, 2017 路 Petit is a free and open source command line based log analysis tool for Unix-like as well as Cygwin systems, designed to rapidly analyze log files in enterprise environments. 馃幆 Hunt for threats using Sigma detection rules and custom Chainsaw detection rules. log: start-up messages and boot info. This video tutorial will teach you the basics of log management and Dec 27, 2018 路 I like to do Log file analysis by just using the command prompt, writing on it. It is written in Rust and supports multi The main goal of the project is to provide solution to security researchers and network administrators with the task of network traffic analysis while they try to identify weaknesses that can be used by a potential attacker to gain access to critical points on the network. Mar 17, 2023 路 #linux #mprashant #linuxtutorial @MPrashant Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www. Mar 29, 2019 路 The Port Scan Attack Detector psad is a lightweight system daemon written in is designed to work with Linux iptables/ip6tables/firewalld firewalling code to detect suspicious traffic such as port scans and sweeps, backdoors, botnet command and control communications, and more. bg ul vq yl fv cu gx kk oj vf